Overview

• The Center for Countering Digital Hate and the Jewish Council for Public Affairs analyzed English-language posts from Feb. 1, 2024 to Jan. 31, 2025 using GPT-4o with manual checks.
• Conspiracy content comprised 59% of identified posts and drew an outsized share of engagement compared with abusive slurs or dehumanization.
• Among the 300 most-viewed conspiracy posts, X took action on only 36 — about 12% — and visible Community Notes appeared on just four.
• Community Notes often arrived too late to matter, appearing for an average of only 22% of a post’s total viewership, the study found.
• Ten high-reach accounts drove roughly 32% of likes on antisemitic posts, with several verified or monetizing through ads or subscriptions, while X’s rules formally ban religious hate and Holocaust denial and the company did not offer a response.