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Study Finds Low-Frequency ‘Pink Noise’ Best for Making EVs Audible

Researchers say low-frequency pink-noise cues make approaching electric vehicles easier to hear in city noise.

Overview

  • At the ASA–ASJ meeting in Honolulu (Dec 1–5), a Japan-led team reported that signals dominated by low frequencies were rated most detectable.
  • The group built a library of approach sounds using onomatopoeic cues combined with 1/f (pink) noise and tested them in both lab and real street settings.
  • Participants ranked each sound for detectability, perceived urgency and pleasantness, with a high–pink-noise variant emerging as the top performer.
  • The researchers attribute the result to reduced masking, as low-frequency energy cuts through common ambient sounds more reliably than higher tones.
  • Findings could inform Acoustic Vehicle Alerting Systems, which are mandated at low speeds in many countries, and the team plans to extend testing to e-bikes and e-scooters.