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Study Finds Cannibalised Neanderthal Women and Children at Belgium's Goyet Caves 45,000 Years Ago

Integrated analyses identify six non-local victims, favoring Neanderthal perpetrators.

Overview

  • Researchers report at least six cannibalised individuals at Goyet—four adult or adolescent females and two male children—based on genetics, isotopes and morphology.
  • Bone surfaces show cut marks, notches and percussion damage consistent with butchery and marrow extraction, with some fragments used to retouch stone tools.
  • The victims were non-local to the area, and the demographic pattern points to deliberate selection interpreted as exocannibalism linked to inter-group conflict.
  • The team judges Neanderthals as the most parsimonious perpetrators, though early Homo sapiens involvement cannot be completely ruled out.
  • The findings, published in Scientific Reports, refine earlier Goyet evidence of cannibalism and place the events around 45,000 years ago in the late Middle Paleolithic.