Overview
- Analyzing 311 eighth-grade civics lesson plans with 2,230 activities, researchers found 90% targeted lower-order thinking under Bloom’s taxonomy.
- Only 6% of the AI-generated lessons included multicultural content when evaluated with Banks’ integration model, often omitting marginalized perspectives.
- The dataset was produced in August 2024 by prompting ChatGPT (GPT-4o), Google Gemini 1.5 Flash, and Microsoft Copilot to align with Massachusetts standards.
- A September 2025 Gallup survey reported 60% of K–12 teachers use AI, most often for lesson preparation, raising stakes for classroom quality.
- The authors recommend detailed, context-rich prompts and teacher professional development to elicit higher-order, inclusive activities rather than using chatbot plans as-is.