Overview

• A multi-institutional team has shown that combining oncolytic virus injections with advanced molecular analyses of small glioblastoma biopsy samples provides unprecedented insights into tumor heterogeneity and immune interactions.
• The study, published in *Nature Communications*, highlights the potential of integrating single-cell RNA sequencing, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and immune profiling for deeper tumor characterization.
• Researchers demonstrated that repeat biopsies, historically avoided, can yield actionable data for adaptive and personalized treatment strategies in glioblastoma and potentially other cancers.
• Patient-derived xenograft models created from biopsy samples allow researchers to study tumor evolution, therapeutic responses, and resistance mechanisms in vivo.
• This collaborative effort, involving institutions like Johns Hopkins, Memorial Sloan Kettering, and Dana-Farber, represents a significant step toward translating these protocols into clinical workflows for precision oncology.