Overview

• Research published in *American Psychologist* demonstrates that maternal affection between ages 5 and 10 predicts higher openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness by age 18.
• The study, involving 2,232 British identical twins, used twin-difference methodology to isolate environmental effects from genetic factors.
• No significant links were found between maternal warmth and the traits of extraversion or neuroticism, suggesting other influences shape these traits.
• Findings highlight the potential for parenting programs to foster personality traits linked to educational, economic, and health success.
• Experts emphasize the importance of integrating genetic and environmental considerations into policies to reduce developmental inequalities and improve societal outcomes.