Overview

• Finnish President Alexander Stubb said European guarantors must be prepared to engage militarily if Russia renews aggression against Ukraine after a peace deal.
• He described the pledges as a deterrent that must be strong and plausible, taking effect only after a future agreement, with Russia having no veto over their format.
• France and the U.K. are leading a coalition developing post-war assurances, and Emmanuel Macron said 26 nations have committed to a reassurance force with potential land, sea or air presence.
• Moscow rejects any NATO-linked or foreign peacekeepers in Ukraine, and Russian legislator Alexey Pushkov argued no settlement is possible without Russia’s consent.
• Estonia, Poland and Romania recently reported Russian airspace incursions, with Estonia saying there was no need to trigger NATO’s Article 5.