Overview

• French President Emmanuel Macron said 26 countries have committed to a multinational reassurance force with potential presence on the ground, at sea or in the air.
• Finland’s Alexander Stubb said guarantees must function as a strong, plausible deterrent that could oblige European military action if Russia renews aggression.
• The plan is being shaped by a coalition of willing partners working with Ukraine on post-war security arrangements.
• Stubb said an American backstop remains necessary and noted he is in regular contact with President Donald Trump ahead of a bilateral meeting.
• Recent incursions by Russian jets and drones into Estonian, Polish and Romanian airspace have escalated concern, with Estonia saying Article 5 does not need to be triggered.