Overview

• The April 2025 Nature Reviews Bioengineering perspective by Mirkin, Artzi, and Mrksich formalizes the field of structural nanomedicine, emphasizing atomic-level precision in therapeutic design.
• Structural nanomedicine addresses the variability in traditional nanomedicines, such as lipid nanoparticles, by enabling controlled spatial arrangements of therapeutic components.
• Key platforms like spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), chemoflares, and megamolecules demonstrate enhanced targeting, safety, and efficacy in applications from cancer to autoimmune diseases.
• Artificial intelligence and machine learning are pivotal in optimizing nanomedicine design, narrowing vast structural possibilities to create potent, targeted treatments with minimal side effects.
• Challenges remain in scalability, reproducibility, and delivery, but interdisciplinary collaboration is advancing the clinical translation of these innovative therapies.