Overview

• Researchers at Kiel University used micro-CT imaging and high-speed videography at up to 10,000 fps to capture 3D models of the fruit during explosive seed ejection.
• Measurements confirm seeds travel at up to 46 km/h and reach distances of 12 m powered by built-up turgor pressure.
• The fruit stem straightens to an average 53° angle during ripening, closely matching the theoretical optimum for maximum dispersal range.
• A sticky mucilage produced during ejection dries into an adhesive coating that enhances seed landing and improves germination conditions.
• Findings presented at the Society for Experimental Biology conference suggest bio-inspired applications in soft robotics, drug delivery systems, and microrobotic launch devices.