Overview

• The April 28 blackout affected Spain, Portugal, and parts of France, leaving millions without power for hours before restoration began the next day.
• Investigations led by Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez are ongoing, with no confirmed cause yet, though cyberattack has been ruled out.
• Experts point to insufficient grid inertia from renewable sources like wind and solar, which accounted for over 60% of Spain's energy at the time of the outage.
• Warnings from grid operator Red Eléctrica since 2020 about the risks of rapid renewable integration without infrastructure upgrades have resurfaced.
• The incident has sparked broader concerns about grid resilience across Europe and the UK, with calls for accelerated investment in stability technologies and infrastructure.