Overview
- Spain’s Foreign Ministry updated its guidance on January 14, advising Spaniards in Iran to leave using any available means.
- Officials describe nationwide instability with numerous deaths and detentions, alongside a communications shutdown since January 8 that blocks internet access and inbound international calls.
- Most airlines have suspended operations, and travelers are told to verify flight status with carriers and follow embassy channels once connectivity is restored.
- Land borders with Armenia, Turkey, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan remain open to foreigners, but residents on work permits need employer-managed exit permits that consular staff cannot issue.
- Rights groups report divergent death tolls, with HRANA estimating about 2,600 fatalities and Iran Human Rights about 3,400, as Spain also urges people to avoid protests and refrain from filming sensitive sites.