Overview
- Provisional INE data to October 1 show a quarterly rise of 105,488 residents, with 42,310,520 holding Spanish nationality and 7,132,324 foreign nationality.
- All autonomous communities grew in the quarter, led by Comunitat Valenciana (+0.40%), Aragón (+0.36%) and Castilla-La Mancha (+0.34%).
- Despite the national rise, some provinces continue to contract year over year, notably Córdoba with 770,879 residents (–2,881 in 12 months), with Zamora also down.
- Demographic change is concentrated in working ages: in Catalunya, 46.9% of residents aged 25–39 were born abroad, while under‑15s fell below 13% and those 65+ reached about 19.9%.
- Recent inflows were led by Colombians, Spanish returnees via nationality processes, Moroccans and Venezuelans, and regions like Galicia and Castilla y León report gains concentrated among foreigners.