Overview
- The macro-survey of nearly 100,000 students aged 10 to 20 was produced by Unicef, the University of Santiago de Compostela, the national engineering colleges council and Red.es, and was presented by Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez.
- About one third of students report consuming online pornography and 73% say it is easy to access, with average first exposure at 11.5 years.
- Roughly 8% meet criteria for problematic consumption, which the researchers associate with poorer emotional health, including 14% reporting distress, 13.7% anxiety symptoms and 13.1% depression symptoms.
- One in three adolescents who has or had a partner reports frequent digital dating violence such as control, device monitoring, phone checks and threats, with higher prevalence among girls and older students.
- Mobile and social media use is near universal among teens, and 6% of under‑16s report sexual propositions from adults, with risks higher for those who sleep with their phone or see parents use phones during family meals.