Overview

• A massive power outage on April 28 left millions in Spain, Portugal, and parts of southern France without electricity for hours.
• Investigators are examining potential causes, including grid inertia issues, operational failures, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
• The National Cybersecurity Institute (Incibe) is scrutinizing small renewable plants' defenses, asking about anomalies and remote operation capabilities.
• Spanish authorities and grid operator Red Electrica have ruled out both cyberattacks and renewable energy as the direct causes of the blackout.
• Stakeholders emphasize the need for grid modernization, improved cybersecurity, and resilience to prevent future disruptions.