Overview

• Spain's Audiencia Nacional has launched an investigation into the April 28 blackout that disrupted 60% of power on the Iberian Peninsula.
• Judge José Luis Calama is examining whether the outage was an act of cyber-sabotage targeting critical infrastructure.
• The grid operator, REE, has ruled out cyberattacks, human error, or meteorological causes, but the definitive cause remains undetermined.
• PM Pedro Sánchez has committed to holding private operators accountable, implementing policy reforms, and seeking an independent EU inquiry.
• Technical reports from REE, the National Cryptology Center, and police intelligence are due within 10 days to clarify the incident's cause.