Overview

• The April 28 blackout left Spain and Portugal without power for hours after two grid oscillations disconnected the Iberian network from Europe.
• Government crisis committees, led by Vice President Sara Aagesen, have yet to determine a definitive cause but are analyzing technical failures and potential cyberattacks.
• Preliminary findings suggest high renewable energy penetration reduced grid stability, though officials emphasize that renewables are not solely to blame.
• Public dissatisfaction with government communication during the crisis is high, with nearly 60% of Spaniards calling the information provided insufficient.
• Experts and officials stress the urgent need for grid modernization and investment to support the transition to renewable energy and prevent future incidents.