Overview

• The June 27 census recorded 333 wolf packs and between 1,600 and 1,700 individuals, a 12% increase since 2019 but well below the 500-pack threshold scientists deem necessary for genetic viability.
• The environment ministry has ruled that any lethal control measures violate the EU Habitats Directive given the species’ unfavorable national status.
• Madrid plans to withdraw co-funding for livestock damage compensation and coexistence programs once full management shifts to autonomous communities.
• Cantabria, Asturias, La Rioja and Galicia have nonetheless authorized or begun wolf culls under their regional management plans.
• Regional courts have issued conflicting rulings on community hunting proposals, deepening legal uncertainty over wolf management.