Overview

• Researchers used eight Solar Orbiter instruments to link Solar Energetic Electrons to either impulsive flare events or gradual coronal mass ejections.
• The study, published 1 September in Astronomy & Astrophysics, compiles more than 300 events observed between November 2020 and December 2022 into the public CoSEE-Cat.
• Proximity to the Sun let the probe capture electrons in an early, ‘pristine’ state, tightening estimates of when and where they were launched.
• The team shows that detection delays often arise from transport effects as electrons scatter and diffuse through turbulent solar wind magnetic fields.
• ESA highlights forecasting gains because CME-associated events carry more high-energy particles, with upcoming Smile and Vigil missions set to extend these capabilities.