Overview

• A joint laboratory study by The Mobility House Energy and RWTH Aachen tested three automotive cell formats at 11 kW under smart (V1G), bidirectional (V2G) and immediate charging with ten-year aging models
• V1G charging reduced ten-year capacity loss by 3.3 to 6.8 percentage points—capping degradation at about 12 percent—and delivered roughly €3,000 in projected net revenue
• V2G introduced an additional 1.7 to 5.8 percentage points of degradation but unlocked up to €8,000 in grid-services revenue over ten years, largely offsetting capacity-loss costs
• Immediate charging caused the highest wear—up to 18 percent capacity loss over ten years—and produced no financial returns from grid-service participation
• Researchers caution that real-world battery-management software may yield different aging outcomes and urge aligned management systems and updated regulations to integrate EVs as flexible grid assets