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Sick Ant Pupae Emit Chemical 'Kill Me' Signal to Protect Colony

Experiments reveal a non‑volatile surface cue appears only near workers, showing intentional, colony‑protective signaling.

Overview

  • A Nature Communications study finds Lasius neglectus pupae actively emit a surface chemical cue only when workers are nearby and the infection is terminal.
  • Worker ants then remove the cocoon, perforate the pupae, and inject formic acid, disinfecting the pathogen but killing the brood.
  • Applying chemical extracts from sick pupae onto healthy pupae caused workers to destroy the treated brood, validating the signal's function.
  • Chemical analyses indicate the cue is made of non‑volatile compounds on the pupal cuticle, so recognition occurs through direct contact.
  • Queen pupae did not produce the cue, which the authors link to superior immune defenses that can contain infection without colony intervention.