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SEC Clarifies Tokenized Securities Rules, Flags Swap Risk for Synthetic Tokens

The staff guidance warns that synthetic tokens providing only economic exposure may face security‑based swap rules that constrain retail trading.

Overview

  • SEC divisions issued a January 28 staff statement reaffirming that tokenized securities remain subject to existing federal securities laws, including registration or a valid exemption.
  • Issuer‑sponsored models can use a blockchain as the official ownership record or mirror off‑chain books, with the same reporting, governance, and fund obligations applying to tokenized formats.
  • The statement outlines third‑party custodial models and focuses regulatory scrutiny on custody, segregation of client assets, and reconciliation between entitlement systems and any related tokens.
  • Synthetic tokens referencing a single security or narrow‑based index without conveying ownership may be treated as security‑based swaps, triggering Securities Act registration for non‑eligible participants and exchange trading requirements.
  • Industry reaction split with tokenization firm Securitize praising the clarity, while representatives from Citadel, JPMorgan, and SIFMA urged the SEC to resist broad DeFi exemptions; market data cited in coverage points to nearly 300,000 users and on‑chain stock trading approaching $1 billion.