Overview

• Iran hailed 24 outcome documents at the Tianjin summit, including the Tianjin Declaration, a decision to establish an SCO Development Bank, and China-backed platforms in energy, green industries and the digital economy plus 2 billion yuan in grants.
• President Masoud Pezeshkian said implementing the summit agreements would create favorable prospects across the economy, security, science and tourism, emphasizing direct talks with other leaders.
• Analysts report no SCO-level SWIFT alternative or multilateral clearing house, leaving trade settlement largely bilateral and limiting Iran’s de-dollarization objective.
• Key INSTC segments still face financing gaps: the Rasht–Astara loan announced in 2024 remains non-operational, Chabahar–Zahedan advances on limited domestic funds, and Tehran–Tabriz electrification has signed but unexecuted Chinese finance.
• China reaffirmed political support for Iran as Xi Jinping promoted “true multilateralism” and met more than 20 leaders, while an SCO communiqué echoed Iran’s nuclear rights under UNSC Resolution 2231 and condemned the June aggression against Iran.