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Scientists Recover 40,000-Year-Old Mammoth RNA, Offering a Glimpse of Genes at Work

Only one of ten mammoth samples yielded analyzable molecules, highlighting exceptional preservation.

Overview

  • A study in Cell reports authentic RNA sequenced from Yuka, a permafrost-preserved juvenile woolly mammoth dated to roughly 39,000–40,000 years ago.
  • Researchers identified more than 300 protein-coding transcripts and about 60 microRNAs that point to muscle-specific expression and stress-related activity near death.
  • RNA reads from the Y chromosome indicate Yuka was genetically male, overturning prior accounts based on external anatomy.
  • Chemical damage patterns, sequence matches to mammoth and elephant, and very low human contamination supported the authenticity of the ancient molecules.
  • The work suggests possibilities for studying ancient RNA viruses and enriching paleogenomic reconstructions, though preservation appears rare and the recovered data are fragmentary.