Scientists Discover Ancient Microbial Ecosystem Beneath Antarctica's Lake Enigma

A permanently ice-covered lake in Antarctica harbors a unique and diverse microbial community, isolated for millions of years.

Lake Enigma, previously thought to be entirely frozen, contains a 12-meter-deep body of liquid water beneath 11 meters of permanent ice.
Researchers identified a diverse microbial ecosystem, including ultrasmall Patescibacteria, which have pared-down genomes and unique ecological roles.
The microbial community likely includes ancient species that have persisted since before the lake froze over 6 to 12 million years ago.
The lake is fed by meltwater from the nearby Amorphous Glacier, with its isolated conditions fostering biodiversity distinct from other Antarctic lakes.
The discovery highlights the potential for life in extreme environments and offers insights into ancient ecosystems preserved in polar deserts.