Scientists Develop Shape-Shifting Robotic Material Inspired by Living Systems

The innovative robotic collective adapts its rigidity, shape, and strength by mimicking biological processes like those found in embryonic tissues.

Researchers at UC Santa Barbara and TU Dresden have created a robotic material composed of disk-shaped robots that self-assemble and adapt their properties dynamically.
The robots are inspired by embryonic cells, which can transition between fluid and solid states to shape, heal, and strengthen tissues during development.
Each robot is equipped with motorized gears, magnets, and light sensors, enabling them to coordinate movements, adhere to one another, and reshape collectively.
Signal fluctuations were found to play a key role in enabling the robotic system to change shape and strength efficiently, using less power than constant force applications.
The proof-of-concept system, currently comprising 20 units, demonstrates potential scalability for applications in robotics, physics, and biology, with future designs aiming for miniaturization and increased complexity.