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Saudi Arabia Breaks Half-Year Execution Record Fueled by Drug Convictions

Two-thirds of those executed were convicted on nonviolent drug offences under strict anti-narcotics laws chiefly affecting migrant workers.

Overview

  • Saudi Arabia executed 180 people between January and June 2025, putting this year on course to exceed last year’s total of 345 deaths.
  • Nonviolent drug convictions accounted for roughly 120 of these cases under the kingdom’s stringent narcotics legislation.
  • Migrant workers comprised about three-quarters of those facing drug-related death sentences and frequently lacked effective legal counsel and interpretation services.
  • Riyadh lifted a three-year moratorium on drug-related capital punishment late in 2023 without explanation, contradicting Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s vow to restrict executions to homicide.
  • Amnesty International and Reprieve have documented systemic unfair trial practices and are urging Saudi Arabia to halt its execution surge and honor its international human rights commitments.