Overview

• The agreement, signed in Riyadh on Sept 17 by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, formalises decades of security cooperation.
• The joint statement declares that aggression against either country will be treated as aggression against both, establishing a collective-defence framework.
• A senior Saudi official called the deal the result of years of talks and said it “encompasses all military means,” declining to specify any nuclear arrangements.
• India’s foreign ministry acknowledged the development and said New Delhi will evaluate its consequences for national security as well as regional and global stability.
• Pakistan’s army chief Asim Munir attended the signing, underscoring the military dimension, while operational mechanisms and any classified terms remain undisclosed.