Overview

• Signed in Riyadh by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, the pact declares an attack on either state will be treated as an attack on both.
• India said it was aware the agreement was under consideration and will study its implications for national security and regional stability.
• A senior Saudi official told Reuters the deal is the culmination of years of talks and not a reaction to a specific country or event, while stressing ties with India remain robust.
• The parties have not released operational details, and it remains unclear whether any nuclear-related arrangements are covered.
• The agreement formalises long-standing Saudi–Pakistani defence cooperation and was announced days after Israel’s strike in Doha and emergency Arab League and OIC sessions.