Overview

• Using long-read, haplotype-resolved sequencing, researchers mapped both maternal and paternal chromosomes across almost 200 Cannabis sativa genomes.
• The atlas identifies structural variations in cannabinoid synthase gene clusters that control THC, CBD and emerging compounds like THCV.
• Mobile transposable elements are shown to carry cannabinoid synthase genes, driving rapid diversification of chemical profiles among cultivars.
• Comparative genomics with wild Asian and European samples uncovers ancestral alleles linked to stress tolerance and disease resistance.
• This pangenome resource sets the stage for precision breeding of medicinal and industrial cannabis and novel biotechnological applications.