Overview

• Russia filed an appeal to the International Court of Justice under Article 84 of the Chicago Convention challenging the ICAO Council’s May 2025 decision on MH17.
• The filing contests jurisdiction, applicable law, factual findings and procedure, invoking Article 89 on wartime freedom of action and arguing Article 3 bis does not govern the shootdown.
• Moscow also attacks the Joint Investigation Team’s independence, claims Ukraine failed to close its airspace, and suggests the Buk system was captured from Ukrainian forces.
• Russia asserts the ICAO decision has not entered into force while challenged, as Australia and the Netherlands press for remedies and reparations.
• The ICAO ruling followed years of findings including the 2016 Dutch‑led conclusion that a Russia‑supplied Buk downed MH17, 2022 Hague convictions in absentia, and a July 2025 ECHR liability ruling.