Overview

• Organizers said up to one million people marched from Porta San Paolo to San Giovanni, while other estimates put turnout in the hundreds of thousands.
• Clashes erupted near Santa Maria Maggiore and along Via Merulana with fires and vandalism reported, as police used tear gas and water cannons; about 200 people were identified and 11 were arrested.
• Security operations included extensive checks at highway tolls and stations, with gas masks, protective suits, and metal or wooden rods seized from a car and two buses and roughly 60 people escorted for identification.
• Some protesters displayed slogans praising Hamas and Hezbollah and a banner calling 7 October a Palestinian resistance day, and an Israeli flag laid on the street was trampled.
• Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni thanked police and expressed support for injured officers, while PD lawmakers warned that checks should not restrict lawful participation; in Barcelona, police estimated about 50,000 marched after Pep Guardiola’s appeal.