Overview

• The Global Tipping Points Report 2025, compiled by 160 scientists from 87 institutions in 23 countries, says multiple Earth systems are approaching critical thresholds.
• The assessment places the coral reef thermal threshold near 1.2°C, with current warming around 1.4°C, and assigns over 99% probability of large-scale, largely irreversible reef loss even if warming is limited to 1.5°C.
• The report lowers the Amazon’s estimated tipping threshold to a range starting near 1.5°C when compounded by drought and deforestation, heightening the risk of widespread biome shift.
• Scientists caution that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation could weaken or collapse below about 2°C of warming, with major regional climate and food impacts, though projections remain highly uncertain.
• The authors call for immediate, unprecedented policy action and seek to accelerate positive tipping dynamics through faster deployment of renewables and electric transport ahead of COP30 in November.