Overview

• Pregnancy Justice documented at least 412 prosecutions related to pregnancy outcomes or conduct from June 2022 to June 2024 across 16 states.
• Most prosecutions relied on child abuse, neglect or endangerment statutes, and nearly 400 cases involved allegations of substance use during pregnancy.
• Cases were heavily concentrated in Alabama (192), Oklahoma (112) and South Carolina (62), reflecting enforcement in states with strict abortion bans.
• Health-care facilities provided information to authorities in 264 cases, a dynamic advocates warn could discourage people from seeking medical care.
• A small subset involved pregnancy loss (31 cases) or abortion-related allegations (nine), and the group cautions the total is likely an undercount due to fragmented records.