Overview

• The fully passive mechanical underwater adhesion system (MUSAS) achieved week-long release of the HIV antiretroviral cabotegravir in animal gastric lining tests.
• A variant of MUSAS delivered RNA therapeutics via microneedle-like spinules in animal models, demonstrating potential for oral RNA treatments.
• Integrated impedance sensors enabled the disc to adhere to the esophagus in animal models and monitor gastroesophageal reflux without invasive tubes.
• Equipped with miniature temperature sensors, MUSAS clung to live fish and recorded rapid water-temperature changes during high-speed swims.
• Researchers are now preparing to adapt MUSAS for oral vaccine delivery and localized electrical-stimulation therapies.