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Record Early Flu Wave Hits England as Doctors Flag Mpox, Rubella and 'Disease X' Risks

A travel-linked recombinant mpox case plus falling childhood immunisation is testing public-health readiness.

Overview

  • NHS leaders report record influenza hospitalisations for this point in the season, describing a worst-case scenario for the time of year.
  • UKHSA says a drifted A(H3N2) subclade K is now the dominant strain nationally and urges eligible people to get vaccinated.
  • Health officials confirmed a recombinant mpox infection in a recent traveler from Asia and warn the virus can be severe, with experts noting ongoing global activity.
  • MMR uptake fell to a 15-year low in early 2025, with measles outbreaks in England and renewed concern that rubella could resurge, posing serious risks in pregnancy.
  • Researchers highlight food insecurity as a driver of vulnerability to infection, and experts caution that preparedness gaps persist for a potential 'Disease X' despite new vaccine technologies.