Overview
- The Global Carbon Project estimates fossil-fuel CO2 at 38.1 gigatonnes in 2025, up 1.1% from 2024 and setting a new high.
- The report concludes that staying within 1.5°C is effectively out of reach as the carbon budget nears exhaustion.
- Regional trends diverge: emissions are projected to rise 1.9% in the United States and 0.4% in the European Union, while China’s growth slows to about 0.4% and India’s increases by roughly 1.4%.
- COP30 opened in Belém with more than 80 countries yet to submit updated national climate plans required under the Paris Agreement.
- Industry showcases low-carbon solutions such as thermal storage and low‑clinker cements, but deployment is constrained by costs, financing gaps and market conditions, while civil society and indigenous groups press negotiators over extractivism and justice.