Overview
- Global fossil CO2 reached about 38.1 gigatonnes in 2025, up 1.1 percent from 2024, with no confirmed global peak yet.
- Regional shifts show U.S. emissions up roughly 1.9 percent, India 1.4 percent, and China and the EU about 0.4 percent each, with researchers noting data uncertainties and leap‑year effects.
- Atmospheric CO2 is estimated at a record ~425.7 ppm in 2025 as the remaining 1.5 °C carbon budget stands near 170 gigatonnes.
- All major fossil fuels increased in 2025—coal by ~0.8 percent, oil ~1.0 percent, gas ~1.3 percent—while an IEA outlook reports fast growth in renewables and electrification that has not yet reversed global emissions.
- Natural carbon sinks are weakening (land uptake down ~25 percent since 2015; ocean ~7–8 percent), even as land‑use emissions fall to roughly 4.1 gigatonnes and Amazon deforestation declines, and 35 countries cut emissions while their economies grew.