Overview
- The exome-sequencing analysis assessed 8,895 people with ADHD and about 54,000 controls, with outcomes linked through Danish national registries.
- MAP1A, ANO8 and ANK2 carried very rare deleterious variants associated with odds ratios ranging from 5.55 to 15.13 for ADHD.
- Cell-type and developmental analyses implicated dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons from fetal stages into adulthood.
- Among adults with ADHD, each rare deleterious variant correlated with an average 2.25-point lower IQ and with reduced educational attainment and socioeconomic status.
- Protein network analyses connected the three genes to pathways implicated in autism and schizophrenia, and the authors highlighted 17 additional likely causal genes and the need for larger, mechanistic studies.