Rare Double Emergence of Cicadas Set to Blanket Midwest and Southeast

As the warmth of late spring settles over the Midwest, a remarkable natural event is set to unfold: the emergence of trillions of cicadas. This year marks a rare occurrence as two distinct broods of periodical cicadas, known as Brood XIII and Brood XIX, will emerge simultaneously across a wide swath of the United States, including parts of Illinois and Wisconsin. This phenomenon, which has not been witnessed since 1803, is expected to create a cacophony of sound and a spectacle of nature that captivates both residents and scientists alike.

Cicadas are unique insects known for their distinctive life cycles, emerging in cycles of 13 or 17 years. This year, Brood XIII, which last appeared in 2007, and Brood XIX, which last emerged in 2011, will both surface, creating what some are calling a "Cicadalypse." The emergence is triggered by soil temperatures reaching approximately 64 degrees Fahrenheit, a condition that has already begun to occur in southern regions. As the cicadas emerge, they will feed, mate, and lay eggs, completing their life cycle before disappearing back underground for another lengthy dormancy.

The emergence of these cicadas is not just a local event; it spans 16 states, from Oklahoma to Virginia. In Illinois, cicadas have already been spotted in various locations, with reports of Brood XIII near Peoria and Brood XIX around Springfield and the St. Louis area. The simultaneous emergence of these two broods is particularly significant, as it allows for the possibility of hybridization between species, a phenomenon that could lead to new cicada varieties in the future.

While the sound of cicadas can reach levels comparable to a jet engine, they pose no threat to humans or pets. However, their life cycle can cause damage to young trees and shrubs. Female cicadas lay their eggs in the branches of these plants, which can lead to wilting and breakage. Experts recommend protective measures for vulnerable plants, such as using mesh netting or lightweight fabric to shield them during the egg-laying period. This approach can help mitigate potential damage and ensure the health of gardens and landscapes.

The cicada emergence also serves as a barometer for environmental changes, particularly in the context of climate change. Scientists have noted that the timing of cicada appearances has shifted earlier over the years, with soil temperatures prompting emergence occurring approximately six days sooner in some areas compared to three decades ago. This trend reflects broader ecological shifts, as many plant species have also bloomed earlier than usual this year.

Historically, cicadas have been a part of the American landscape long before the establishment of the United States. Their last simultaneous emergence occurred during a time when the nation was still in its infancy, with only 17 states in the Union. The next occurrence of both broods emerging together is not expected until 2245, making this year's event particularly noteworthy.

As the cicadas take to the skies, they will not only provide a feast for local wildlife, including birds and other predators, but also offer a unique opportunity for scientists and nature enthusiasts to observe and study these fascinating insects. The sheer number of cicadas will create a temporary feeding frenzy, benefiting various species and contributing to the ecological balance.

In summary, the emergence of Brood XIII and Brood XIX cicadas is a significant natural event that highlights the intricate connections within ecosystems and the impacts of climate change. As residents prepare for the arrival of these noisy insects, they are reminded of the cyclical nature of life and the enduring presence of these remarkable creatures in the fabric of American wildlife.