Overview

• U.S. guidance cited by a Mayo Clinic oncologist recommends beginning breast screening at 40, with annual mammograms and supplemental imaging for very high risk or extremely dense breasts decided through shared discussions with clinicians.
• WHO-endorsed HPV self-sampling is presented as a low-barrier option that maintains accuracy comparable to clinician-collected samples and can increase participation in cervical screening.
• In India, ICMR and the National Cancer Grid advise oral visual examinations every three years for high-risk adults over 30, and clinicians urge greater awareness and access to BRCA testing for families with breast or ovarian cancer history.
• India still lacks a national lung screening programme, although experts recommend annual low-dose CT for heavy smokers aged 50–74 to detect disease at earlier, more treatable stages.
• Emerging tools such as multi-cancer early detection blood tests and AI-supported imaging show promise for finding cancers earlier but require further validation and careful integration to ensure equitable benefit.