Overview

• In 2024-25, PSBs wrote off ₹91,260 crore of bad loans as part of a five-year total of ₹5.82 lakh crore.
• Recoveries over the same period amounted to around ₹1.65 lakh crore, representing roughly 28% of amounts written off.
• Provisional RBI data shows scheduled commercial banks recovered ₹32,466 crore through SARFAESI actions in 2,15,709 cases during 2024-25.
• RBI guidelines allow banks to write off fully provisioned NPAs after four years without waiving borrowers’ legal liabilities.
• Lenders continue pursuing debt resolution via civil suits, debt recovery tribunals and insolvency proceedings under the IBC.