Overview

• The blackout, which began on April 28, resulted from a sudden 15 GW generation loss and grid disconnection, affecting Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and southern France.
• As of April 29 evening, 99% of Spain's electricity service has been restored, with transport and communications gradually resuming normal operations.
• Authorities are investigating the cause, with no conclusive evidence yet to confirm whether it was a technical failure or a cyberattack.
• The outage paralyzed essential infrastructure, including rail, metro, and air travel, leaving thousands stranded and emergency services overwhelmed.
• The Spanish government and Red Eléctrica Española are coordinating efforts to determine accountability and assess vulnerabilities in the energy grid.