Overview
- Vatican’s central government relies on donations, museum ticket fees, investments and a real estate portfolio
- Plunging contributions have deepened a chronic €50-60 million annual shortfall and a €1 billion pension deficit
- Lacking taxes or bond issuance, the Holy See has limited fiscal tools to address its budget crisis
- U.S.-style fundraising could tap into energized American Catholics following the election of the first U.S. pontiff
- Leo’s skills in mathematics, canon law and two terms leading the Augustinian order shape his approach to financial reform