Overview

• Vox is credited with a 6.4‑point rise in a year, gaining more than 1.5 million votes largely at the expense of the PP.
• PP voter loyalty has fallen to 68.8% as Vox holds 84.3%, with undecided PP voters climbing to 11.5%.
• Alberto Núñez Feijóo remains the most valued leader nationally but scores lowest among his own voters, while Santiago Abascal ranks highest with his base.
• The PP has lost its traditional advantage among voters over 65, trailing the PSOE 37.5% to 37.3% in that cohort.
• Two PP declines are identified—Nov 2024 to Jan 2025 and since August 2025—coinciding with criticism of responses to the Valencia floods and summer wildfires, even as the PP still leads overall voting intention by a clear margin in the analysis.