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Philippines Marks Good Friday with Final Crucifixion of Longtime Devotee

Ruben Enaje, 64, concludes his 36-year portrayal of Christ as Arnold Maniago prepares to take on the role, with thousands witnessing the controversial rituals.

SAN FERNANDO, PHILIPPINES - APRIL 07: Penitent Ruben Enaje is removed from a cross after he was crucified during Good Friday crucifixions on April 07, 2023 in San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines. Holy Week is a Christian observance that commemorates the passion, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, typically observed during the week leading up to Easter Sunday. As Asia's most Catholic nation, Holy Week is observed in the Philippines as a significant religious holiday with various customs and traditions. Crucifixions have been allowed on Good Friday for the first time since the pandemic. The practice involves penitents being voluntarily nailed to a cross as a form of penance, but it is seen as extreme and is strongly discouraged by the Catholic church. (Photo by Ezra Acayan/Getty Images)
Filipino Catholic Ruben Enaje kneels on the ground during his reenactment of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ on Good Friday, in San Fernando, Philippines, April 18, 2025. REUTERS/Lisa Marie David
Penitents cover their faceds with bandanas and whip themselves with bamboo-tipped flails as an act of penitence
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Overview

  • Ruben Enaje completed his 36th and final crucifixion on Good Friday in Pampanga, citing health concerns as the reason for his retirement.
  • Arnold Maniago, a veteran of 24 crucifixions, was introduced as Enaje’s successor, continuing the tradition in the northern village of San Pedro Cutud.
  • Approximately 10,000 people, including over 50 foreign tourists, attended the Good Friday events, which featured crucifixions, flagellations, and processions.
  • The Catholic Church continues to discourage these physical reenactments, urging prayer and repentance over self-inflicted harm.
  • Other towns across the Philippines, such as Kalayaan and Paete, held their own Lenten rituals, blending religious devotion with cultural traditions.