Overview

• The estimated immigrant population declined from a record 53.3 million in January to 51.9 million in June 2025, a 2.6% decrease unprecedented in more than half a century.
• DHS reported about 352,000 arrests and 324,000 deportations in the administration’s first 200 days, as Pew notes 181 executive actions aimed at limiting entries or removing people.
• Pew estimates the undocumented population reached a record 14 million in 2023 after a 2021–2023 surge and says it likely began falling in 2025, with preliminary July data pointing to further decline.
• Immigrants’ share of the U.S. population slipped from 15.8% to 15.4% by June, with an estimated loss of roughly 750,000 immigrant workers reducing the foreign-born share of the labor force from 20% to 19%.
• Mexico remains the largest country of origin at 11.4 million as overall immigration diversifies to India, China and the Philippines, while Pew cautions estimates are provisional and vary across data sources.