Overview
- Sentences ranged from two to four years: two years for Georgi Filipov and Kiril Milushev as executors, four years for Nikolay Ivanov, and three years for Mircho Angelov, who remains at large.
- The court ruled the vandalism was committed because the victim belonged to a particular religion, formally characterizing the act as antisemitic.
- Presiding judge Nathalie Malet described clear, coordinated interference from abroad with hostile intent, while investigators guided by Viginum traced online amplification on X linked to Russian actors.
- Prosecutors could not apply the newer aggravation for acts on behalf of a foreign power because it entered the penal code after the May 2024 vandalism.
- Roughly 35 red handprints were stenciled on the Mur des Justes; the defendants denied an antisemitic motive and claimed they did not know the site’s significance.