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Pannonhalma Archabbey Launches Nitrogen Fumigation on 100,000 Beetle-Infested Books

After six weeks in oxygen-free nitrogen sacks to kill the beetles, each volume will be inspected before undergoing restoration ahead of a planned reopening in early 2026.

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100,000 Books at Risk as Beetle Infestation Hits Hungary’s Oldest Library
Books are kept in hermetically sealed plastic sacks for disinfection, at the Pannonhalma Archabbey's library in Pannonhalma, Hungary, Thursday, July 3, 2025, as a beetle infestation threatens its ancient collection. (AP Photo/Bela Szandelszky)
A priest wearing a face mask stands by books kept in hermetically sealed plastic sacks for disinfection at the Pannonhalma Archabbey's library in Pannonhalma, Hungary, Thursday, July 3, 2025, as a beetle infestation threatens its ancient collection. (AP Photo/Bela Szandelszky)

Overview

  • Restoration teams have begun sealing roughly 100,000 handbound books in hermetically sealed sacks filled with pure nitrogen to eradicate drugstore beetles.
  • The infestation affects about a quarter of the abbey’s 400,000-volume collection and was first detected during routine cleaning when dust buildups and burrowed spine holes emerged.
  • Chief restorer Zsófia Edit Hajdu has classified the entire library as infected, marking an unprecedented level of damage at the millennium-old site.
  • Monastic custodians link the outbreak to warmer regional temperatures that have accelerated beetle life cycles and are stepping up climate-linked risk assessments.
  • The library will remain closed throughout the disinfection and conservation process, with custodians targeting a phased reopening in early 2026.