Overview
- Simultaneous overflows of the Ravi, Chenab and Sutlej, cloudbursts and landslides cut off communities and left hundreds washed away with millions displaced.
- More than 8,400 villages were affected as urban corridors flooded, over 890,000 hectares of farmland were swamped and at least 5,400 livestock were lost.
- A PIDE assessment links climate change to up to 10,000 casualties and as much as $4 billion in economic losses.
- Coastal risk is escalating as GLOSS records a 1.1 mm sea‑level rise at Karachi over the past year, intensifying saltwater intrusion and damaging fisheries.
- Policy gaps and weak implementation persist—NCCP remains unrevised since 2021—prompting calls for an NFCS, GNSS‑equipped tide gauges, high‑resolution flood modeling, retrofitting of vulnerable infrastructure, urban drainage upgrades and nature‑based coastal buffers.